ISO 6721-3:2021 pdf – Plastics — Determination of dynamic mechanical properties — Part 3: Flexural vibration — Resonance- curve method

ISO 6721-3-2021 pdf – Plastics — Determination of dynamic mechanical properties — Part 3: Flexural vibration — Resonance- curve method.
1 Scope This document specifies a bending-vibration method based upon resonance curves for determining the flexural complex modulus E of homogeneous plastics and the damping properties of laminated plastics intended for acoustic insulation, for example systems consisting of a metal sheet coated with a damping plastic layer, or sandwich systems consisting of two sheet-metal layers with an intermediate plastic layer. For many purposes, it is useful to determine these properties as a function of temperature and frequency. 2 Normative reference The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 1183-1, Plastics — Methods for determining the density of non-cellular plastics — Part 1: Immersion method, liquid pycnometer method and titration method ISO 1183-2, Plastics — Methods for determining the density of non-cellular plastics — Part 2: Density gradient column method ISO 1183-3, Plastics — Methods for determining the density of non-cellular plastics — Part 3: Gas pyknometer method ISO 6721-1, Plastics — Determination of dynamic mechanical properties — Part 1: General principles 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 6721-1 apply. ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses: — ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso .org/obp — IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia .org/
4 Principle A specimen is submitted to forced bending vibrations in the frequency range between about 10 Hz and 1 000 Hz. The resonance curve (see ISO 6721-1) is determined and, from the curve obtained, the flexural storage modulus E ′ f is calculated in the range above 0,5 MPa and the loss factor given by tan δ = E ″ f /E ′ f is calculated in the range between about 10 and 10 (see NOTE). The test frequency can be varied by making measurements at more than one vibrational order. The measurement range for the flexural loss modulus E ″ f is determined by that of the loss factor and by the value of the storage modulus.
The mode of oscillation used is designated oscillation mode III (see ISO 6721-1) and the type of modulus measured is designated E f . The test is performed on rectangular bars, either mounted vertically with the upper end clamped and the other end free (method A) or suspended horizontally by fine fibres at vibrational nodes (method B) (see Figure 1). Method A is suitable for testing specimens of most types of plastic, including relatively soft materials, whereas method B is particularly suitable for testing rigid (i.e. dimensionally stable) specimens, for example sheet metal covered by a plastic layer for damping purposes. NOTE As stated in ISO 6721-1, frequencies derived from resonance curves based on deformation-rate amplitude measurements are exactly related to dynamic properties. For the recommended range of the loss factor of this document, i.e. tan δ < 0,1, resonance curves based upon deformation amplitudes are also related to dynamic properties of the material. 5 Test apparatus 5.1 General The apparatus consists of devices for clamping (method A) or suspending (method B) the specimen, electronic devices (frequency generator and recording device) for exciting the specimen to forced bending vibration, and for measuring the frequency as well as the velocity amplitude of the specimen. For excitation and detection of the vibrations two electromagnetic transducers are situated near the ends of the specimen. The specimen, the clamping or supporting device and the electromagnetic transducers are enclosed in a temperature-controlled chamber (see Figure 1).
5.2 Clamps or suspension fibres If the specimen is clamped at one end, the clamp shall be designed to hold the upper end of the specimen securely and tightly [see Figure 1 a)]. It shall be constructed so that no additional damping of the system occurs. There are two causes of additional damping. — Friction between the test specimen and the clamp: This can be detected by stimulating freely decaying oscillations of the relevant vibrational order. As explained in ISO 6721-1, the type of decay is indicative of different types of deviation from linear viscoelastic behaviour. — Vibration of the clamp: The clamp shall be rigidly mounted on a heavy mass, which acts as a counterweight to the oscillating test specimen. This requires a heavy rigid stand within the temperature-controlled chamber (see Figure 1). If the specimen is tested in the horizontal position, it shall be supported by two fine fibres at vibrational nodes (see 9.4.2).