ISO 23296:2022 pdf – Metallic materials – Fatigue testing – Force controlled thermo-mechanical fatigue testing method

ISO 23296:2022 pdf – Metallic materials – Fatigue testing – Force controlled thermo-mechanical fatigue testing method.
1 Scope This document applies to stress and/or force-controlled thermo-mechanical fatigue (TMF) testing. Both forms of control, force or stress, can be applied according to this document. This document describes the equipment, specimen preparation, and presentation of the test results in order to determine TMF properties. 2 Normative references The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 7500-1, Metallic materials — Calibration and verification of static uniaxial testing machines — Part 1: Tension/compression testing machines — Calibration and verification of the force-measuring system ISO 12111, Metallic materials — Fatigue testing — Strain-controlled thermomechanical fatigue testing method ISO 23788, Metallic materials — Verification of the alignment of fatigue testing machines 3? Terms? and? definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses: — ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp — IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/ 3.1 force F force applied to the test section, in kN Note 1 to entry: Tensile forces are considered to be positive and compressive forces negative. 3.2 maximum force F max highest algebraic value of force applied, in kN 3.3 minimum force F min lowest algebraic value of force applied, in kN
4 Test methods 4.1 Apparatus 4.1.1 Testing machine The tests shall be carried out on a tension-compression machine designed for a smooth start-up. All test machines are used in conjunction with a computer or controller to control the test and log the data obtained. The test machine shall permit cycling to be carried out between predetermined limits of force to a specified waveform and for R < 0 tests there shall be no discernible backlash when passing through zero. In order to minimise the risk of buckling of the specimen, the machine should have great lateral rigidity and accurate alignment between the test space support references. The machine force indicator shall be capable of displaying cyclic force maxima and minima for applied waveforms to a resolution consistent with the calibration requirement. During elevated temperature tests the machine load cell shall be suitably shielded and/or cooled such that it remains within its temperature compensation range. Machines employing closed loop control systems for force and temperature shall be used. 4.1.2 Testing machine calibration Machines shall be force calibrated to class 1 of ISO 7500-1. 4.1.3 Cycle counting The number of cycles applied to the specimen shall be recorded such that for tests lasting less than 10 000 cycles, individual cycles can be resolved, while for longer tests the resolution should be better than 0,01 % of indicated life. 4.1.4 Waveform generation and control The force cycle waveform shall be maintained consistent and is to be applied at a fixed frequency throughout the duration of a test programme. The waveform generator in use shall have repeatability such that the variation in requested force levels between successive cycles is within the calibration tolerance of the test machine as stated in ISO 7500-1, for the duration of the test. Terms have been identified relative to the trapezoidal waveforms in Figure 1 and Figure 2.
4.1.5 Force measuring system The force measuring system, consisting of a load cell, amplifier and display, shall meet the requirements of ISO 7500-1 over the complete range of dynamic forces expected to occur during the TMF test series. The load cell should be rated for fully-reversed tension-compression fatigue testing. Its overload- capacity should be at least twice as high as the forces expected during the test. The load cell shall be temperature compensated and should not have a zero drift and temperature sensitivity variation greater than 0,002 % (Full scale/°C). During the test duration the load cell should be maintained within the range of temperature compensation and suitably protected from the heat applied during the test. 4.1.6? Test? fixtures An important consideration for specimen grips and fixtures is that they can be brought into good alignment consistently from test to test. Good alignment is achieved from very careful attention to design details, i.e. specifying the concentricity and parallelism of critical machined parts. In order to minimise bending strains the gripping system should be capable of alignment such that the major axis of the specimen coincides closely with the force axis throughout each stress cycle and in the case of through zero tests (Rε ≤ 0) shall also be free from backlash effects. A parallelism error of less than 0,2 mm/m, and an axial error of less than 0,03 mm for a specimen of less than 300 mm in length, and of less than 0,1 mm for a test space of more than 300 mm in length, should allow the alignment requirements described in 4.1.7 to be achieved. A further benefit can be realised by minimising the number of mechanical interfaces in the load train and the distance between the machine actuator and crosshead.